This one-day event brought together specialists from a wide range of disciplines (anthropology, psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy, literature) to discuss various ways of reading the psyche. We explored how they are constituted, how they have been used in the past or are being used today in different social arenas, how they are criticized, and their impact on individual and collective representations. These reflections will not go without questioning the ontological and epistemological status of the concept of psyche.